productunder review
Procion MX (reactive dye brand)
Also known as: Procion MX
A reactive dye brand. Paula Burch, who writes practitioner-oriented dye FAQs, describes it as a dichlorotriazine dye whose ring carries two chlorine atoms that react with the -OH groups on cellulose fibre, forming the covalent bonds responsible for its high washfastness (she notes this structure is her own inference from several sources, since the manufacturer does not disclose it).
Pillar: Bonding
Claims and evidence (18)
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of in a figure ranking commercial reactive dye brands, placed at the highest-reactivity, lowest-dyeing-temperature endcontextual
Scope: Comparison of commercial brands as of 2002 (Fig. 8)
Fig. 8 plots brands by dyeing temperature and reactivity; Procion MX sits at the highest reactivity and lowest dyeing temperature.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）。著者自身の実験ではなく整理。統合担当（Fable）が PDF の頁画像を直接読んで追加した行で、独立検証は通していない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P122 図8「市販反応染料の反応性のレベル」 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) is a type of a low-temperature-dyeing type reactive dye (listed under DyStar); the guide temperature for the low-temperature type is 40–50°Ccontextual
Scope: Guide for exhaust dyeing; table as of 2002
Table 10 lists Procion MX under DyStar in the low-temperature column; §2.5(1) gives guide temperatures of 40–50°C (low), 60°C (medium) and 70–90°C (high).
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）。著者自身の実験ではなく整理。統合担当（Fable）が PDF の頁画像を直接読んで追加した行で、独立検証は通していない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P122 表10「市販されている反応染料の例」、および §2.5(1) 染色温度の目安 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) is attributed to Cold-water fiber-reactive dyes, introduced to the textile industry in the 1950s, are said to have taken longer to become widely available to the craft world. The first lucky few in the 1960s to access them reportedly used Procion MX dye sold under the trade name 'Fibrec,' developed and marketed by the late Mike Flynn in San Francisco (this source cites Susan Druding, 1997).contextual
Scope: Paula Burch's tie-dye history page
States 1950s industrial introduction, delayed craft-world availability, and the 1960s Fibrec/Procion MX/Mike Flynn account.
Limitations: Susan Druding 1997という一次出典そのものは本束では確認していない。
Source: What is the History of Tie-dye? （Paula E. Burch, Ph.D., 2003） ・「Modern Multi-Color Tie-Dye」の節 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of Within the same Procion MX line, only the Jet Black (150, a C.I. Reactive Black-type) SDS includes both “Respiratory Sensitizer Category 1” and “Skin Sensitizer Category 1” alongside skin irritant Category 2 and eye irritant Category 2, and its signal word is “DANGER,” unlike the “Warning” used for the other colours checked (Lemon Yellow, Fuchsia, Turquoise).contextual
Scope: Comparison across four Procion MX colours (Lemon Yellow, Fuchsia, Turquoise, Jet Black) per the manufacturer's own SDSs
Under Health Hazards, the Jet Black sheet pairs an eye-irritation rating of Category 2 with an equally-rated skin irritant, then adds a respiratory-sensitizer rating of Category 1 alongside a skin-sensitizer rating that is Category 1 too; its signal word reads DANGER, while every other sheet checked (Lemon Yellow, Fuchsia, Turquoise) carries the milder Warning instead.
Source: Safety Data Sheet (SDS) — Procion MX 4-Color Set with Soda Ash（Lemon Yellow・Fuchsia・Turquoise・Jet Black・Soda Ash Dye Fixer各SDSを収録） （Rupert, Gibbon & Spider, Inc. (Jacquard Products), 2021） ・SECTION 2 - HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION（Procion MX Dye - Jet Black、他3色との比較） ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of The SDSs for the four colours checked each give a different set of GHS health-hazard categories: Lemon Yellow lists eye irritant 2A, skin sensitizer 1 and oral toxicity 5; Fuchsia lists eye irritant 2B, skin irritant 3, oral toxicity 5 and chronic aquatic toxicity 3 (no skin sensitizer listed); Turquoise lists only skin sensitizer 1; and Jet Black lists eye irritant 2, skin irritant 2, respiratory sensitizer 1 and skin sensitizer 1.contextual
Cross-checking the Hazard Classification tables on the four colours' pages shows no common set of entries; each colour lists a different combination of categories.
Source: Safety Data Sheet (SDS) — Procion MX 4-Color Set with Soda Ash（Lemon Yellow・Fuchsia・Turquoise・Jet Black・Soda Ash Dye Fixer各SDSを収録） （Rupert, Gibbon & Spider, Inc. (Jacquard Products), 2021） ・各色のSECTION 2 - HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION（Lemon Yellow, Fuchsia, Turquoise, Jet Blackの4頁） ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of The exposure-controls/PPE section states that inhalation of dust and aerosols must be prevented entirely using a NIOSH-approved dust respirator, recommends side-shielded protective goggles for the eyes/face and long-sleeve shirts, trousers, PVC or nitrile-rubber gloves and boots for the skin, and also recommends impervious suits where significant dermal contact is likely.contextual
States that inhalation of dust and aerosols must be absolutely prevented using a NIOSH-approved dust respirator, recommends side-shielded goggles, long sleeves/trousers, PVC or nitrile-rubber gloves and boots, and impervious suits where dermal contact potential is significant.
Source: Safety Data Sheet (SDS) — Procion MX 4-Color Set with Soda Ash（Lemon Yellow・Fuchsia・Turquoise・Jet Black・Soda Ash Dye Fixer各SDSを収録） （Rupert, Gibbon & Spider, Inc. (Jacquard Products), 2021） ・SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION（Procion MX Dye - Lemon Yellow） ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of The accidental-release section states that spilled material must not be emptied into drains or waters, that one should not touch or walk through it, and that after stopping the leak if possible it should be taken up with sand or non-combustible absorbent (or a suitable vacuum) and placed in labelled, sealable containers; it applies to spilled powder dye, and for disposal of used dye liquor the SDS directs readers to a separate section (disposal considerations).contextual
For spills, states material must not be emptied into drains or waters, one should not touch or walk through it, and after stopping the leak if possible, take it up with sand or non-combustible absorbent material or a suitable vacuum and place it into labelled sealable containers, referring readers to section 13 for further disposal measures.
Source: Safety Data Sheet (SDS) — Procion MX 4-Color Set with Soda Ash（Lemon Yellow・Fuchsia・Turquoise・Jet Black・Soda Ash Dye Fixer各SDSを収録） （Rupert, Gibbon & Spider, Inc. (Jacquard Products), 2021） ・SECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES（Procion MX Dye - Lemon Yellow） ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of A hand-dyeing practitioner states it is best to use only unmixed single-hue (pure) Procion MX dyes as mixing primaries, because premixed colours can give unexpected results owing to differing properties among the dyes they contain.contextual
States that Procion MX type dyes can be mixed to any hue, but premixed colours can have unexpected results owing to differing properties, so it is best to use only single-hue unmixed dyes as mixing primaries.
Source: How can I mix Procion MX dyes to get specific colors? （Paula E. Burch, 2014） ・冒頭段落 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of As a bare minimum, three named single-hue dyes (MX-8G yellow, MX-G turquoise, MX-8B red) are called for, along with one premixed black (MX-CWNA).contextual
Names three single-hue codes (yellow MX-8G, turquoise MX-G, red MX-8B) as the bare minimum, adding one premixed black shade (MX-CWNA).
Source: How can I mix Procion MX dyes to get specific colors? （Paula E. Burch, 2014） ・「What colors should I start with?」の節 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of A Procion MX colour sold without an MX code is said to always be a mixture prepared by that supplier; a colour sold with an MX code may be either a pure single-hue dye or a mixture prepared by the manufacturer.contextual
States that Procion MX colours without MX codes are mixed by the supplier, while those with MX codes may be either pure colours or mixtures prepared by the manufacturer.
Source: Which Procion MX colors are pure, and which mixtures? （Paula E. Burch, 2015） ・冒頭の説明文 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of In a cross-supplier comparison table, yellow MX-8G (sold by Dharma as "#1 lemon yellow") is described as "a good yellow primary for mixing colors", turquoise MX-G (Dharma's "#25 turquoise") as "the best equivalent to cyan as a primary", and both red MX-5B and red MX-8B (Dharma's "#12 light red" and "#13 fuchsia red") as "good magenta[s] for use as [a] primary color."contextual
A table whose notes column reads "pure; good yellow primary for mixing colors" for yellow MX-8G, "pure; the best equivalent to cyan as a primary" for turquoise MX-G, and "pure; good magenta for use as primary color" for both red MX-5B and red MX-8B.
Limitations: この一覧は販売元のカタログ表記を集めたものであり、著者自身の独立した実験や測色によるものではない。
Source: Which Procion MX colors are pure, and which mixtures? （Paula E. Burch, 2015） ・Table 1、yellow MX-8G行・turquoise MX-G行・red MX-5B行・red MX-8B行のnotes列 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of The list also includes pure dyes that, while they exist, are not carried under most of the major suppliers listed (Dharma, PROchem, Custom, G&S, Jacquard) though George Weil and Standard do list a name for it (e.g. red MX-G, C.I. Reactive Red 5), and pure dyes noted as scarce (e.g. blue MX-3G, C.I. Reactive Blue 1, described as "hard to find").contextual
The red MX-G row is '-' under Dharma, PROchem, Custom, G&S and Jacquard, but George Weil lists 'M05 orange scarlet' and Standard lists 'reactive red #5' (notes: "pure; not worth the expense; mixes often carry the same MX code"); the blue MX-3G row is annotated "pure; hard to find."
Source: Which Procion MX colors are pure, and which mixtures? （Paula E. Burch, 2015） ・Table 1、red MX-G行・blue MX-3G行 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion H / H-E series differs from Procion MX (reactive dye brand)contextual
Scope: Procion H/H-E series, per an English-language hobbyist dyeing site
States that Procion H dyes are hot-water dyes often applied by painting on fabric and then steaming, and must not be substituted into cool-water recipes meant for Procion MX, such as tie-dye or batik; also notes that H and H-E form two separate product lines that can nonetheless be combined in the same project.
Limitations: 個人の手染め解説サイト。出典・実験データの記載は無い。
Source: Which Procion H dyes are pure unmixed colors? How do they compare, from one retailer to another? （Paula E. Burch, 2012） ・見出し「Procion H dyes」直後の説明段落（表の前） ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion H / H-E series differs from Procion MX (reactive dye brand)contextual
Scope: protein/cellulose blend fabrics such as rayon/silk velvet
For devoré fabrics such as rayon/silk velvet, states the advantage of Procion H is that it dyes both fiber types nearly the same color, unlike Fiber Reactive MX dyes, contrasting this with acid dye, which only dyes the silk and barely stains the rayon.
Limitations: 販売店自身の使用説明で独立した実験による確認ではない。
Source: Procion Liquid H Series Dye Instructions （Dharma Trading Co.） ・「On Rayon/Silk Velvet or Other Devore Fabrics」段落 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) bonds via dichlorotriazinecontextual
Describes Procion MX-type dyes as dichlorotriazine dyes with a cyclical structure bearing two chlorine atoms, which are the reactive sites reacting with -OH groups on cellulose fiber, creating the strong covalent bonds responsible for dichlorotriazines' very high washfastness.
Limitations: 染料メーカーが構造を公開したがらないため、掲載する構造式は複数の情報源からの推定だと著者自身が明記している。最終更新2010年9月2日。
Source: Frequently Asked Questions About Dyeing: structure of Procion MX dichlorotriazine dyes （Paula E. Burch, 2010） ・冒頭「What is the chemical structure of Procion MX dye?」の説明段落 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) is attributed to States that dichlorotriazine dyes were patented by ICI in 1954, and until the patent expired no brand besides Procion existed; the patent passed from ICI to another company and finally to BASF, and many Asian plants now manufacture a subset of dichlorotriazine dyescontextual
States dichlorotriazine dyes were patented in 1954 by ICI (Rattee and Stephen, German Patent No. 1019025); until the patent expired, no brand besides Procion existed. The patent was held first by ICI, then another company, then finally BASF (which had plants in several countries), and now many plants in Asia manufacture a subset of dichlorotriazine dyes.
Limitations: 「別の会社」の社名はこの頁では明示されていない。
Source: What other brand names are Procion MX type dyes sold under? （Paula E. Burch, 2003） ・見出し「Brand names for cold water fiber reactive dyes」直下、Dichlorotriazine節 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of States that dichlorotriazine-type cold-water reactive dyes are also sold under several other brand names besides Procion MX, including Lamafix, Adiactive, Duractive, Kiractive, and Tulactivcontextual
States dichlorotriazine-type cold-water dyes are sold under several brand names besides Procion MX, including Lamafix, Adiactive, Duractive, Kiractive, and Tulactiv; the source also lists "Cold Brands" and "Cold Brand" at the end of the list, without making clear whether these are meant as a collective term for the group.
Source: What other brand names are Procion MX type dyes sold under? （Paula E. Burch, 2003） ・同節続き ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Procion MX (reactive dye brand) has the property of In its recommended-use notes, states that dyes of this type can cause respiratory restriction or sensitization in some individuals, advises avoiding breathing aerosol and dust, and states that people with asthma or breathing problems should not handle these dyescontextual
Scope: Home-use dye safety data sheet (Procion MX Lemon Yellow)
In its recommended-use notes, states that dyes of this type can cause respiratory restriction or sensitization in some individuals, advises avoiding breathing aerosol and dust, and states that people with asthma or breathing problems should not handle these dyes.
Limitations: 確認した4色のうち、Lemon YellowとTurquoiseのSDSには同じ注意書きがあるが、FuchsiaとJet BlackのSDSのRecommended Use欄には見当たらない。
Source: Safety Data Sheet (SDS) — Procion MX 4-Color Set with Soda Ash（Lemon Yellow・Fuchsia・Turquoise・Jet Black・Soda Ash Dye Fixer各SDSを収録） （Rupert, Gibbon & Spider, Inc. (Jacquard Products), 2021） ・SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL, PRODUCT & COMPANY INFORMATION、Recommended Useの欄（Procion MX Dye - Lemon Yellow） ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
Open questions (2)
If GHS respiratory-sensitizer classification differs by reactive-dye colour (only Jet Black carried Category 1 among the four colours checked), should home dust precautions differ by colour too?
Only four colours from one line were checked, so whether other makers or colours show the same pattern is unknown; since it concerns toxicological classification, this cannot be tested at home.
Does an MX code on a colour name guarantee a single dye? (Do Dharma's own explanation and Burch's cross-supplier view disagree?)
claim-0047 (Dharma's own explanation: names with a Colour Index / MX number are single dyes, names without are mixes) and c19 in this bundle (Burch: an MX code does not guarantee a single dye) have different subjects (Dharma's own line vs suppliers in general), but a reader will see them as the same question. When both are used in an article, state whose products each is about. Checking Burch's table for an MX-coded Dharma mix would settle it.