dye classunder review
reactive dye
Also known as: fiber reactive dye, fibre-reactive dye
A class of water-soluble dyes that colour fibre by forming a covalent bond with it.
Pillar: Bonding
Claims and evidence (77)
reactive dye bonds via dyeing by covalent bondingcontextual
States that dyeing occurs through a covalent bond formed between dye and fibre.
Limitations: 短い解説頁で、試験条件や出典の記載は無い。結合の種類（エーテル結合など）や反応する基までは書かれていない。
Source: 反応染料 （一般財団法人カケンテストセンター） ・本文1文目 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
Says the dyes attach permanently to cellulose fibres by a covalent (electron-sharing) bond, and that the reaction happens gradually over time depending on temperature and/or pH.
Limitations: 染料の販売会社自身の説明。独立した研究で確かめたものではない。公開日は頁内で確認できず。
Source: Tie-Dye Instructions （Dharma Trading Co.） ・化学の説明の段落（"attach permanently ... covalent"） ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
The paper places fibre-dye bonding for cellulosic-fibre dyes into three modes (citing ref. 1) and states that reactive dyes bond via the most stable, highest-energy of the three (covalent bonding), which gives excellent wet fastness.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 結合エネルギーの具体的な数値は示されていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
In a summary table of reactive-dye properties, lists the bond type as "covalent" and the character as "anionic (forms a colloidal solution)", consistent with the existing claim that reactive dyes bond by covalent bonding.
Limitations: 同じ表には汗・日光堅牢度、塩素処理水堅牢度、温度等の変動への強さなど、既存主張に無い追加情報も含まれる（別途 c-iwase の対象範囲外の情報として notes に記録）。
Source: 反応染料（上級編） （岩瀬商店株式会社（ソメラボ）, 2020） ・「反応染料のまとめ」の表 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye requires alkalicontextual
Describes taking up dye from the bath, then adding alkali so dye and fibre bond by chemical reaction.
Limitations: 短い解説頁で、試験条件や出典の記載は無い。アルカリ剤の種類・濃度・温度・時間、加水分解への言及は無い。先にアルカリに浸す手順には触れていない。
Source: 反応染料 （一般財団法人カケンテストセンター） ・本文2文目 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
States that alkali addition is needed to promote the reaction between fibre and dye; in exhaust dyeing the optimum pH is about 11-12, with about pH 11.5 for the mid-temperature type.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。このpHの数値は原文『(1)吸尽染色法』の項目内の記述で、連続染色法・捺染法など他の染色法についての記載ではない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P122 §2.5(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is soluble in watercontextual
States that the dye dissolves in water.
Limitations: 短い解説頁で、試験条件や出典の記載は無い。
Source: 反応染料 （一般財団法人カケンテストセンター） ・本文「水に溶解」 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is applicable to cellulosic fibrescontextual
Lists cellulosic fibres (cotton, linen, rayon etc.), wool and silk as dyeable.
Limitations: 短い解説頁で、試験条件や出典の記載は無い。
Source: 反応染料 （一般財団法人カケンテストセンター） ・本文「…に染色可能」 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
States that reactive dyes are used to dye cellulosic fibres such as cotton, linen/hemp and rayon.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119-P120 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is applicable to woolcontextual
Lists cellulosic fibres (cotton, linen, rayon etc.), wool and silk as dyeable.
Limitations: 短い解説頁で、試験条件や出典の記載は無い。
Source: 反応染料 （一般財団法人カケンテストセンター） ・本文「…に染色可能」 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
States that reactive dyes are also used on wool, and that new wool-specific reactive dyes have recently appeared using reactive groups originally developed for cellulosic fibres.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119-P120 §2.1, §2.4 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is applicable to silkcontextual
Lists cellulosic fibres (cotton, linen, rayon etc.), wool and silk as dyeable.
Limitations: 短い解説頁で、試験条件や出典の記載は無い。
Source: 反応染料 （一般財団法人カケンテストセンター） ・本文「…に染色可能」 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
States that reactive dyes are also used to dye silk.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119-P120 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of silkcontextual
Scope: Dharma fibre reactive dyes
Says colours may shift on silk: blue does not combine well with silk, so mixes with blue shift toward the other colours (black to brown or maroon, purple to raspberry, forest green to chartreuse).
Limitations: 染料の販売会社自身の説明。独立した研究で確かめたものではない。公開日は頁内で確認できず。
Source: Dharma's Fiber Reactive MX Dyes FAQ （Dharma Trading Co.） ・絹についての回答 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
Says fibre reactive colours shift on protein fibres and a true black cannot be obtained.
Limitations: 染料の販売会社自身の説明。独立した研究で確かめたものではない。公開日は頁内で確認できず。
Source: Tie-Dye Instructions （Dharma Trading Co.） ・絹・毛のタイダイの段落 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
all-purpose dye differs from reactive dyecontextual
Says soda ash will not make all-purpose dye such as Rit permanent; use a washfast dye such as Procion MX, which does require soda ash, or a commercial cationic fixative.
Limitations: 個人の手染め解説サイト（最終更新 2015-01-22 と表示）。出典の記載は無い。
Source: What is soda ash, and what's it for in dyeing? （Paula E. Burch, 2015） ・"Do we need to use soda ash with Rit dye?" ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by in tub dyeing, salt and dye load the fabric, then dissolved soda ash raises the pH; the reaction takes about an hour to occur fullycontextual
Scope: Tub (immersion) dyeing
Says salt and dye load the fabric, adding dissolved soda ash raises pH and makes the colour permanent, and the reaction takes about an hour to occur fully.
Limitations: 染料の販売会社自身の説明。独立した研究で確かめたものではない。公開日は頁内で確認できず。
Source: Dharma's Fiber Reactive MX Dyes FAQ （Dharma Trading Co.） ・浸染の説明の段落 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of first announced in 1956, the newest dye class among the major categoriescontextual
States that reactive dyes were announced in 1956, the newest dye class; no inventor or company is named.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 発明者・企業名・国は書かれていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of spans shades from bright to deep and has overtaken direct and sulfur dyes to become the highest-volume class of dye for cellulosic fibrescontextual
Scope: Dyes for cellulosic fibres
States that because reactive dyes span a wide range of shades from bright to deep colours, they have replaced direct and sulfur dyes to become the highest-volume class of dye for cellulosic fibres.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 消費量の具体的な数値やシェアは示されていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of colours are bright/clearcontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: colours are bright/clear.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of wet fastness (to water, perspiration, washing, etc.) is goodcontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: wet fastness (to water, perspiration, washing, etc.) is good.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of the dyeing procedure is relatively easycontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: the dyeing procedure is relatively easy.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of can be applied by exhaust dyeing relatively easily at low temperaturecontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: can be applied by exhaust dyeing relatively easily at low temperature.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of solubility is generally good, and many are well suited to printingcontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: solubility is generally good, and many are well suited to printing.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of tend to stain unprinted (white) ground less in printingcontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: tend to stain unprinted (white) ground less in printing.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of many can be used in discharge and resist-discharge printingcontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: many can be used in discharge and resist-discharge printing.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of existing dyeing equipment can be usedcontextual
Lists as a strong point of reactive dyes: existing dyeing equipment can be used.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of many have weak chlorine fastnesscontextual
Lists as a weak point of reactive dyes: many have weak chlorine fastness.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of some have weak lightfastness and weak perspiration-light combined fastnesscontextual
Lists as a weak point of reactive dyes: some have weak lightfastness and weak perspiration-light combined fastness.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of for some dyes using certain reactive groups, the fibre-dye bond changes over time and wet fastness declinescontextual
Lists as a weak point of reactive dyes: for some dyes using certain reactive groups, the fibre-dye bond changes over time and wet fastness declines.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of in exhaust dyeing the degree of fixation is often comparatively low, giving strongly coloured dyeing effluentcontextual
Scope: Exhaust dyeing
Lists as a weak point of reactive dyes: in exhaust dyeing the degree of fixation is often comparatively low, giving strongly coloured dyeing effluent.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of exhaust dyeing requires a large addition of inorganic saltcontextual
Scope: Exhaust dyeing
Lists as a weak point of reactive dyes: exhaust dyeing requires a large addition of inorganic salt.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of because substantivity (affinity) is low, dyeing is sensitive to the liquor ratiocontextual
Lists as a weak point of reactive dyes: because substantivity (affinity) is low, dyeing is sensitive to the liquor ratio.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is applicable to nyloncontextual
States that reactive dyes are also used to dye nylon.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119-P120 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is applicable to polyestercontextual
Scope: Polyester/cellulosic-fibre blends and unions
States that in polyester/cotton and polyester/rayon blends and unions, reactive dyes are used to dye and print the cellulosic-fibre side.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119-P120 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of reactive groups are classified by chemical structure into three types: aliphatic-carrier groups (vinyl-sulphone type), heterocyclic-carrier groups (mainly triazine and pyrimidine types), and bifunctional types carrying two or more different reactive groupscontextual
States that industrially used reactive groups can be classified by chemical structure into three types: aliphatic (vinyl-sulphone type), heterocyclic (mostly triazine-type), and bifunctional types carrying two or more different reactive groups.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P120 §2.2(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of about 95% of reactive dyes currently on the market for cellulosic fibres are vinyl-sulphone, triazine or pyrimidine type, or bifunctional combinations of thesecontextual
Scope: Commercial reactive dyes for cellulosic fibres
States that about 95% of commercial reactive dyes for cellulosic fibres fall into the vinyl-sulphone, triazine or pyrimidine types, or bifunctional combinations of these.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 2002年発行の記事であり、95%という数値の算出根拠・調査年は書かれていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P120 §2.2(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by cellulosic fibrescontextual
Scope: Cellulosic fibre
States that, given this reactivity difference, reactive dyes are thought to react mainly with the primary OH group at C6 (citing ref. 3).
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 断定ではなく「考えられている」という推定の書き方。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P120 §2.2(2) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by the reaction mechanism with cellulosic fibre is broadly divided into nucleophilic addition and nucleophilic substitutioncontextual
Scope: Cellulosic fibre
States that the reaction mechanism of reactive dyes with cellulosic fibre falls into two broad types: nucleophilic addition and nucleophilic substitution.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P120-P121 §2.2(2) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by hydrolysis (of reactive dye)contextual
Scope: Cellulosic fibre, under practical dyeing conditions
States that fixation (reaction with fibre) competes with hydrolysis (reaction with water), but under practical dyeing conditions the fibre reaction proceeds preferentially.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P121 §2.2(2) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of degree of fixation (fixation rate)contextual
Scope: Deep-shade dyeing
States that for deep-shade dyeing etc., the reactive fixation rate can be as low as about 50%, and various measures are taken to raise it.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 「50%程度」がどの染料・どの条件での代表値かは特定されていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P121 §2.2(2) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by three measures for raising the fixation rate are given: adopting a more reactive reactive group (e.g. changing monochlorotriazine to monofluorotriazine), introducing multiple reactive groups into one dye molecule (including bifunctional types), and introducing two chromogens to raise the dye's affinity for the fibrecontextual
Lists three measures for improving fixation rate: (1) using a more reactive reactive group (e.g. switching monochlorotriazine to monofluorotriazine), (2) introducing multiple reactive groups (same or bifunctional types) into one molecule, and (3) introducing two chromogens into the dye molecule to raise fibre affinity.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P121 §2.2(2) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by hydrolysis (of reactive dye)contextual
Scope: Exhaust dyeing
States that dyeing above the optimum temperature favours hydrolysis and lowers fixation, while dyeing too far below it slows the fibre reaction and leaves fixation insufficient.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P122 §2.5(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of classified by reactivity level into low-temperature type (40-50°C), mid-temperature type (60°C), and high-temperature type (70-90°C)contextual
Scope: Exhaust dyeing
Gives approximate dyeing temperatures: low-temperature type 40-50°C, mid-temperature type 60°C, high-temperature type 70-90°C.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P122 §2.5(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye requires inorganic salt (exhaust-dyeing electrolyte)contextual
Scope: Exhaust dyeing
States that because reactive dyes have smaller molecules and lower fibre affinity than direct dyes, they need relatively large amounts of salt (manufacturers recommend about 50-80 g/l), though higher-affinity low-salt-type dyes need only about 25-40 g/l.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 無機塩の具体的な種類（芒硝・食塩など）ごとの違いは、この一般論の箇所では区別されていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P122-P123 §2.5(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of because affinity is low, dyeing is sensitive to the liquor ratio, and a lower liquor ratio gives a higher fixation ratecontextual
Scope: Exhaust dyeing
States that because reactive dyes have low affinity, they are sensitive to the liquor ratio, with a lower liquor ratio giving a higher fixation rate.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P123 §2.5(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by soaping (wash-off of unfixed reactive dye)contextual
States that although reactive-dyed fabric is known for good wet fastness, before soaping, hydrolysed dye that never bonded to the fibre remains and wet fastness is poor, so thorough soaping is needed to remove it.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P123 §2.5(1)(2) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of wear and washing of reactive-dyed fabric can cause discoloration or dye bleeding that leads to consumer complaints, indicating a chemical change in the dye chromogen, the fibre-dye bond, or bothcontextual
States that reactive-dyed cellulosic products can discolour or bleed colour during wear or washing, causing consumer complaints, and that such trouble indicates a chemical change in the dye's chromogen, the fibre-dye bond, or both.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P125-P126 §2.6 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of high-fastness reactive dyes are designed by combining a chromogen stable to light and oxidising agents with a reactive group that gives a fibre-dye bond stable to acid gas, heat and oxidising agentscontextual
States that high-fastness reactive dyes are made by combining a chromogen resistant to light and oxidising agents with a reactive group that gives a fibre-dye bond resistant to acid gas, heat and oxidising agents.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P126 §2.6 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of the reactive group can also react with amino groups on blood proteins; if dye that has retained its reactivity is taken into the body, it can bond to those amino groups and cause allergic sensitisation, and inhaling dye dust can sensitise the respiratory tract in a way that can be life-threatening, so major manufacturers use warning labelscontextual
Scope: Weighing and dissolving dye in a dyeing plant
States that the reactive group can also react with amino groups on blood proteins, so dye that enters the body while still reactive can cause allergic sensitisation; inhaling dye dust can sensitise the respiratory tract and be life-threatening, so major manufacturers label products with EU precaution code S22 (do not breathe dust).
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P126 §2.7(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by hydrolysis (of reactive dye)contextual
Scope: Dyed fabric and dyeing effluent
States that sensitisation is a concern only for active, unreacted dye; dye in finished fabric or effluent has already bonded or hydrolysed, so reactive-dyed fabric poses no such risk at all.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 「全く問題はない」という強い言い切りは原文どおり。加水分解した染料自体の毒性・環境影響については別問題として扱われておらず、この記述の範囲外。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P126 §2.7(1) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is regulated by metal-complex reactive dyes containing copper or chromium fall under Japan's Industrial Safety and Health Act notification list; under Japan's PRTR Act, copper-containing dyes are exempt but chromium-containing dyes are covered, though very few reactive dyes contain chromiumcontextual
Scope: Dyeing plants in Japan
States that metal-complex dyes containing copper or chromium fall under the Industrial Safety and Health Act notification list, with widely used copper-phthalocyanine bright-blue dyes needing particular attention; under the PRTR Act copper-containing dyes are exempt but chromium-containing ones are covered, though very few reactive dyes contain chromium.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 安衛法・PRTR法は日本の法制度で、記述は日本国内の状況についてのもの。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P126 §2.7(3) ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by cellulosic fibrescontextual
Scope: Schemes for the vinyl sulphone type (nucleophilic addition) and the monochlorotriazine type (nucleophilic substitution)
In both schemes cellulose appears as ⁻O–Cell; for the vinyl sulphone type the scheme also shows HO⁻ generating the vinyl sulphone group. The running text does not say in words that alkali converts the cellulose OH into this form.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）。著者自身の実験ではなく整理。統合担当（Fable）が PDF の頁画像を直接読んで追加した行で、独立検証は通していない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P120 §2.2(2) 反応機構の式①② ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of the level of reactivity wanted depends on the dyeing method: high reactivity for cold pad-batch and relatively low-temperature exhaust dyeing; relatively low reactivity is often wanted for printing because of print-paste storage stabilitycontextual
Says cold pad-batch and relatively low-temperature exhaust dyeing call for highly reactive dyes, while printing often calls for relatively low reactivity because of print-paste storage stability.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）。著者自身の実験ではなく整理。統合担当（Fable）が PDF の頁画像を直接読んで追加した行で、独立検証は通していない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P122 §2.3「反応染料の染色性による分類」 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
Reac dye is a type of reactive dyecontextual
States that Reac dye is a reactive dye that can dye cotton, hemp and rayon.
Limitations: 販売店自身の説明。独立した第三者による確認ではない。
Source: カラー見本比較表【リアック染料】 （田中直染料店） ・「リアック染料とは」の段落、1文目 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
"Remazol" type reactive dye is a type of reactive dyecontextual
Describes the "Remazol" type as a reactive dye characterised by vivid colour that does not require steaming.
Limitations: 講習会案内文であり、技術解説として書かれたものではない。
Source: 藍熊染料の講習会（一覧頁） （藍熊染料株式会社） ・「レマゾールタイプ染料の基礎」講習会の説明文 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
States that Remazol dye is a reactive dye developed to dye cellulosic fibres such as cotton and hemp.
Source: レマゾール染料 （ミムラセンリョウ株式会社） ・「レマゾール染料の特徴」の段落、1文目 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by gives an example industrial immersion recipe of a 1:20 liquor ratio and 60°C for 40 minutes: dye is dissolved into a 40°C bath, the fabric is added, Glauber's salt is added 10 minutes later, soda ash a further 10 minutes after that, the bath is then raised to 60°C over about 10 minutes, and dyeing continues for 40 minutescontextual
Scope: Iwase Shoten (Somelabo)'s example reactive-dye recipe
Shows an example recipe of a 1:20 liquor ratio and 60°C for 40 minutes: put the dissolved dye into a 40°C dye liquor, add the fabric, add the Glauber's salt 10 minutes after the dye, add the soda ash a further 10 minutes later (all at 40°C so far), raise to 60°C over about 10 minutes, then dye for 40 minutes with good agitation.
Limitations: 染色濃度ムラを避けるための別バリエーション（芒硝・ソーダ灰を分割投入する方法）も同頁に記載されているが、この主張では代表的な手順のみを採った。
Source: 反応染料（上級編） （岩瀬商店株式会社（ソメラボ）, 2020） ・「反応染料の染色工程」【染色処方】の手順1〜5 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
post-dyeing colour-fixing agent is applicable to reactive dyecontextual
Scope: regarding fibre-reactive dye that has been alkali-fixed and thoroughly washed out
States that fibre-reactive dye, once properly fixed and washed, needs no further treatment with Retayne or a similar product.
Source: Is there a fixative that will make dye permanent? What is Retayne? （Paula E. Burch, 2011） ・見出し「Should Retayne be used for fiber reactive dyes?」 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
post-dyeing colour-fixing agent is used in reactive dyecontextual
Scope: regarding industrial dyeing with fibre-reactive dye
States that where water is scarce, reaching for a cationic fixative can work out cheaper than the water a full wash-out would take.
Source: Is there a fixative that will make dye permanent? What is Retayne? （Paula E. Burch, 2011） ・見出し「Should Retayne be used for fiber reactive dyes?」 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
NEOFIX series is applicable to reactive dyecontextual
Tabulates three types of fixing agent for reactive dyes: a high-fastness type, a water-absorbing type, and a chlorine-fastness-focused type.
Source: 繊維用界面活性剤に関して（界面活性剤講座 第11講） （齋藤嘉孝（日華化学株式会社）, 2017） ・P83 表-5「セルロース用フィックス剤のタイプ」 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
post-dyeing colour-fixing agent differs from reactive dyecontextual
Scope: regarding differences between reactive-dye types in how hard it is to wash out unattached dye
States that, unlike Procion MX, fibre-reactive dyes such as Cibacron F and Drimarene K do not take as much work to rinse out the excess unattached dye.
Source: Is there a fixative that will make dye permanent? What is Retayne? （Paula E. Burch, 2011） ・見出し「Should Retayne be used for fiber reactive dyes?」の末尾 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye requires soda ash (sodium carbonate)contextual
Scope: as described for home-studio batik in the US using Procion MX dye
this practitioner states soda ash fixes Procion dye in room-temperature water, with no need for hot water that would melt the wax
Limitations: 米国の家庭向けバティックについての記述
Source: How to Batik （Paula E. Burch, 1999） ・"Materials for making batik" リスト内 "Soda Ash Dye Fixer"の項 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye differs from naphthol (azoic) dyecontextual
Scope: as described for choosing a dye for home-studio batik in the US
this practitioner states it allows cool water unlike all-purpose dye, and is reasonably non-toxic unlike naphthol dye
Limitations: 米国の家庭向けバティックについての記述
Source: How to Batik （Paula E. Burch, 1999） ・"How to Batik"導入段落 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of States reactive dyes, alongside acid dyes, are much more lightfast (in contrast with Basic dyes)contextual
States acid and reactive dyes are much more lightfast (than Basic dyes).
Source: Lightfastness of Different Types of Dyes （Paula E. Burch, 2011） ・「Which dyes are more or less lightfast?」 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
Wash fastness works by reactive dyecontextual
Scope: Conventional test temperatures for reactive dyes on cellulosic fibres versus acid dyes on protein fibres (e.g. wool), per Burch
Points to the gap in test conditions — reactive-dye washfastness assessed at 96°C versus only 40°C for acid dyes — and concludes that, given this gap, reactive dyes can be assumed far more washfast than any acid dye.
Limitations: 毛・絹など蛋白繊維はぬるま湯手洗い・ドライクリーニングが前提とされる一方、セルロース繊維は厳しい洗濯が前提とされるという、繊維の扱われ方の違いに基づく試験条件の違いであり、染料分子そのものの強さだけを比べたものではないと述べている。
Source: Lightfastness of Different Types of Dyes （Paula E. Burch, 2011） ・「Which dyes are more or less lightfast?」の2段落目（染料部類ごとの耐光性を述べた1段落目の次） ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of The same Table 1 describes reactive dyes for wool as having reactive groups with 1-3 sulfonic acid groups and no metal, giving vivid-to-deep colours with good wet fastness.contextual
Scope: Reactive dyes for wool (Imada part 6, Table 1; the other three types in the table are for polyamide fibres generally, but this type is distinguished in the table as wool-specific)
The "Reactive dye for wool" row of Table 1 gives chemical structural characteristics as "has reactive groups", sulfonic acid groups "1-3", metal "none", and characteristics/use as "vivid to deep colours / good wet fastness".
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）による整理表で、各セルを支える実験データそのものの引用は無い。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その6）6. ポリアミド繊維用染料 6.1 酸性染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・誌面P358 表1「ポリアミド繊維用染料の特徴と用途」（PDF頁1/5、300dpiの頁画像で確認） ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
naphthol (azoic) dye differs from reactive dyecontextual
Scope: for dyeing on cotton
States azoics have a more limited shade range and more complex process than reactive dyes but better chlorine fastness, that rubbing and light fastness are better with reactive dyes, and that dark, bright reds, maroons and oranges which are difficult with reactive dyes are possible with azoics.
Source: Naphthols and Bases （hanu（ブログ「Dyeing and Processing / dyeing world」運営者、染色技術者と見られる）, 2010） ・Reactive Vs Azoics節 ・practitioner's record ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by States the basic dye structure takes the form D-T-X (D: chromophore, T: linking group, X: reactive group), giving triazine, pyrimidine, and sulphatoethylsulphone (vinyl sulphone) groups as representative examples of the reactive group Xcontextual
States reactive dyes covalently bond to hydroxyl groups in cellulose, with the basic dye structure taking the form D-T-X (D: chromophore, T: linking group, X: reactive group), giving triazine, pyrimidine, and sulphatoethylsulphone (vinyl sulphone) groups as representative reactive-group examples.
Limitations: 学会誌の連載解説記事（やさしい繊維基礎講座）で、著者自身の実験ではなく整理。反応機構や数値の詳細は別図の構造式のみで、本文は簡潔。
Source: 連載〈やさしい繊維基礎講座〉染色 （高岸徹, 2003） ・P_360 §7.1 セルロース系繊維、反応染料の段落（図5・図6） ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by States that the terminal amino group of nylon can be dyed by reactive dyes through covalent bondingcontextual
Scope: polyamide fiber (nylon)
States that reactive dyes can dye nylon via covalent bonding to the fiber's terminal amino group.
Source: 連載〈やさしい繊維基礎講座〉染色 （高岸徹, 2003） ・P_361 §7.4.1 ポリアミド繊維、末尾の一文 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye works by The reactive-ink printing process is described as: alkali needed for the dye-cellulose reaction is applied to the fabric during pretreatment, the dye is then covalently bonded to the fibre during steaming, and unreacted dye is removed during washing.contextual
Scope: reactive-ink inkjet textile printing
Figure-1 shows the reactive-ink workflow as pretreatment, printing, high-temperature steaming, rinse, soaping, warm rinse and rinse, explaining alkali is applied during pretreatment and covalent bonding occurs during steaming.
Source: デジタルテキスタイル用色材 （城田衣（キヤノン株式会社 総合R&D本部）, 2015） ・3.1 プリント工程、図-1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is applicable to Mimaki's reactive-dye ink (SPC-0357xx series) is listed with cotton as its corresponding fabric.contextual
Scope: Mimaki's own dye-ink product guidance
The table lists cotton as the applicable fabric for the SPC-0357xx series (reactive-dye ink).
Limitations: 自社製品の対応表。版が2006年のものである可能性がある。
Source: 捺染インク 使用ガイダンス（TX23シリーズ） （株式会社ミマキエンジニアリング） ・2. 対応メディアとインクの種類、表 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of Reactive ink is said to have a shorter shelf life -- one to one-and-a-half years -- than other ink types, partly because the dye's reactive group can hydrolyse with water in the ink during storage, or lose reactivity through side reactions with the humectant.contextual
Scope: storage stability of reactive ink
States the reactive-ink shelf life is currently one to one-and-a-half years, shorter than other ink types, explaining hydrolysis of the reactive group or side reactions with the humectant during storage as one cause.
Source: デジタルテキスタイル用色材 （城田衣（キヤノン株式会社 総合R&D本部）, 2015） ・3.4.1 インクの保存性 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of Monochlorotriazine (MCT) is said to be the most widely used reactive group for digital-textile reactive dye, with the vinyl-sulphone (VS) type C.I. Reactive Black 5 widely used for deep black. Both bond to cellulose's OH groups in the presence of alkali, but for ink storage stability, MCT is said to be best kept at pH 6-8 and VS at pH 3.5-4 or below.contextual
Scope: reactive groups used in digital-textile reactive dyes
States MCT is most widely used for digital textile, with VS-type C.I. Reactive Black 5 widely used for deep black; both bond to cellulose OH groups under alkali. To suppress hydrolysis, MCT should be kept at pH 6-8 and VS at pH 3.5-4 or below.
Source: デジタルテキスタイル用色材 （城田衣（キヤノン株式会社 総合R&D本部）, 2015） ・3.2 反応染料、3.4.1 インクの保存性 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye causes MCT- and VS-type reactive dyes behave differently over steaming time: while MCT's reaction is stabilising, VS dye has already begun a steep decline in fixation, so processing MCT-based colours (yellow/magenta/cyan) and VS-based black together under the same steaming conditions is said to readily cause colour drift (poor reproducibility) in the black.contextual
Scope: colour drift in black during the steaming stage for reactive ink
States that while MCT's reaction is stabilising, VS dye has already begun a steep decline in fixation; since other colours (yellow, magenta, cyan) are MCT-based, processing MCT and VS together under the same steaming conditions causes colour drift in black.
Source: デジタルテキスタイル用色材 （城田衣（キヤノン株式会社 総合R&D本部）, 2015） ・3.4.2 蒸熱工程時の色ブレ、b）ブラックの色ブレについて ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of One example reactive-ink printing workflow shows post-treatment as: high-temperature steaming (saturated steam, 102 degC for 8 minutes), followed by a 5-minute rinse, soaping (100 degC, 3 minutes), a warm rinse (60-80 degC) and a final rinse.contextual
Scope: one example of reactive-ink IJ-printing post-treatment
Figure-1 shows post-treatment as high-temperature steaming (saturated steam, 102 degC, 8 min), then a 5-min rinse, soaping (100 degC, 3 min, nonionic surfactant 1 g/L), a warm rinse (60-80 degC) and a rinse.
Limitations: 1例として示された条件で、生地厚・濃度による変動には触れていない。
Source: デジタルテキスタイル用色材 （城田衣（キヤノン株式会社 総合R&D本部）, 2015） ・図-1 反応インクのプリント工程 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of The fixation rate of reactive dye is said to be around 60-80% depending on the dye and its concentration, with the remaining 20-40% of dye going unfixed into the wash water, making wastewater treatment essential.contextual
Scope: fixation rate of reactive dye and wastewater
States that, depending on dye type and concentration, reactive dye fixation is 60-80%, with 20-40% of dye moving unused into the wash water, making wastewater treatment essential.
Source: 捺染業から見たインクジェット （伊藤高廣（Advanced Consulting Partners、元東海染工株式会社）, 2016） ・7．洗浄工程と仕上工程 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of Colour bleeding ("iro-naki")contextual
Scope: Cellulosic materials such as cotton, reactive dyes
States reactive dyes are increasingly used on cellulosic materials like cotton, and that because their reactive group forms a strong covalent bond with the fibre's reactive groups, wet fastness is said to be comparatively good, but they are not a cure-all: hydrolysis of the reactive dye caused by moisture in the air during long-term storage is reported to cause bleed, with fixative (FIX-agent) treatment cited as one countermeasure.
Source: 第53回：ケーススタディ⑨色の変化～汚染・色泣き～（アパレル散歩道） （清嶋展弘（元・株式会社デサント。技術士(繊維)事務所。一般財団法人ニッセンケン品質評価センター発行コラム）, 2023） ・「綿素材の汚染事故」 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye causes Colour bleeding ("iro-naki")contextual
Scope: Printed products using reactive dyes
States the symptom was that, after purchase, storage and pre-wear washing, colour bled from red printed polka dots; the cause is that the reactive dye used in the print hydrolysed, so washing moisture triggered bleed. Gives four countermeasures: selecting/using a reactive dye with good hydrolysis resistance; selecting/using a fixative (wet-fastness improver) suited to the dye; checking fabric performance in advance with a bleed test or a bleed test after accelerated hydrolysis (e.g. for colour-combination items); and avoiding storage in high-temperature, high-humidity environments.
Source: No487_より良いものづくりのために 染色・プリントの事故事例 -反応染料の加水分解による色泣き- （一般財団法人ボーケン品質評価機構, 2026） ・「現象」「原因」「対策」 ・institutional summary ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye causes States the dye-mixing water should be a warm 98-105°F (about 37-41°C); using hot water makes the dye bond with the water and resist letting go to bond with the fabric, so more colour can end up washing out afterward. Also states some colours (e.g. Fuchsia) can congeal in cold water.contextual
Scope: Temperature at which the dye solution is prepared
States the ideal temperature for mixing/dissolving dye is 98-105°F (like a baby bottle, warm, never hot); hot water makes dye bond to it and not let go to bond with the fibre, so on rare occasions mixing dye in hot water instead of warm washes out more of the colour than usual, occasionally all of it. States, conversely, that some lots of the magenta Fuchsia (#13, MX-8B, Reactive Red 11) congeal in cold water, which can also cause trouble in mixes containing it.
Source: Troubleshooting Tie-dye （Dharma Trading Co., 2024） ・「Temperatures are Very Important」 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of States azo dyes carrying a free amino group (-NH2) can undergo methylolation on contact with free formalin, causing marked colour change, when the post-dyeing resin-finishing agent, its process, or the setting conditions after sewing are inappropriate; to prevent this, care is needed in finishing and sewing (including setting) after dyeing to avoid contact with free formalin under hot and/or acidic conditions. States that as an example reaching the consumer, there was a case of discolouration caused by formalin released from synthetic-resin buttons.contextual
Scope: Cotton goods dyed with azo reactive dyes bearing free amino groups
States azo dyes with a free amino group (-NH2) can undergo methylolation from formalin, causing marked colour change, seen when the post-dye resin-finishing agent/process or post-sewing set conditions are inappropriate. States prevention requires care, during finishing/sewing (including setting) after dyeing, to avoid contact with free formalin under hot and/or acidic conditions; states formalin trouble is almost always caught before sewing/setting, with the only notable consumer-facing example being discolouration from formalin released by synthetic-resin buttons.
Source: 反応染料で染色した綿製品の変退色と色泣き （安部田貞治（住友化学工業大阪製造所第一研究所）, 1983） ・誌面P56「b.ホルマリン変色」 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of States metal-complex-type reactive dyes readily lose their metal (demetalation) to amino acids such as histidine in sweat, so the dye can change markedly on exposure to sweat, or sweat plus light; states treatment with oxygen bleach also causes demetalation and additionally promotes fibre embrittlement. For these reasons, states research and development of this type of metal-complex dye in Japan had (as of writing) been discontinued for about ten years, and the amount of existing metal-complex dye in use was gradually decreasing.contextual
Scope: Metal-complex reactive dyes
States dyes protecting the azo group by introducing a metal-binding group (-OH, -OCH3, etc.) at the ortho position and forming a metal complex were developed, giving yellows, reds, blues and browns fast to sunlight and chlorinated water, but the metal in such dyes is readily stripped (demetalated) by amino acids such as histidine in human sweat, so the dye can change very markedly under sweat, or sweat plus light. Also states metal-complex-dyed items undergo demetalation when treated with oxygen bleach, which also promotes fibre embrittlement; for these reasons, R&D on this type of metal-complex dye in Japan had been halted for about ten years (as of writing), with usage of existing metal-complex dyes gradually decreasing.
Limitations: 執筆(1983年)当時の状況の記述であり、現在の状況ではない。
Source: 反応染料で染色した綿製品の変退色と色泣き （安部田貞治（住友化学工業大阪製造所第一研究所）, 1983） ・誌面P55-56「a.アゾ基の安定性」 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye has the property of Presents a table comparing the chlorine resistance of various azo dyes (half-life of decomposition by sodium hypochlorite), stating that introducing a sulfonic acid group at the position ortho to the azo group protects it, markedly improving chlorine fastness compared with dyes lacking a sulfonic acid group or having it elsewhere. States that because the sulfonic-acid version is also less affected by sweat or oxygen bleach, an azo group with an ortho sulfonic acid group gives a chromophore fast to chlorinated water and sunlight.contextual
Scope: Chemical structure of the chromophore of azo reactive dyes (position of the sulfonic acid group)
States table 5 shows various azo dyes' chlorine resistance as the half-life of decomposition by sodium hypochlorite, and that stability to active chlorine differs greatly depending on where the sulfonic acid group sits; introducing it ortho to the azo group protects the azo group, markedly raising chlorine fastness versus dyes with no sulfonic group or one elsewhere. States the ortho-sulfonic version is also unaffected by sweat or oxygen bleach, making such dyes chromophores fast to chlorinated water and sunlight.
Source: 反応染料で染色した綿製品の変退色と色泣き （安部田貞治（住友化学工業大阪製造所第一研究所）, 1983） ・誌面P56「表5各種アゾ染料の耐塩素性(半減時間)」本文 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye requires Gives a pretreatment-agent formulation (total 1000 g) for Mimaki's reactive-dye ink (SPC-0357xx series): sodium alginate (Aikuma Senryo) 20 g, Sunflolen SN (Nicca Chemical) 50 g, sodium hexametaphosphate 10 g, urea 70 g, sodium bicarbonate 30 g, anti-reduction agent (liquid type) 15 g, and water 805 g; for prints needing back-penetration, an additional 0.5 g of Repitol G (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku) is added.contextual
Scope: Mimaki's TX23-series textile-ink guidance, reactive-dye ink recipe, Mimaki's original formulation (2006 edition document)
Gives the pretreatment-agent composition for the reactive-dye ink recipe (SPC-0357xx series): sodium alginate (Aikuma Senryo) 20 g, Sunflolen SN (Nicca Chemical) 50 g, sodium hexametaphosphate 10 g, urea 70 g, sodium bicarbonate 30 g, anti-reduction agent (liquid type) 15 g, water 805 g, total 1000 g; for prints needing ink back-penetration, an additional 0.5 g of Repitol G (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku) is added.
Limitations: 2006年版の資料で、現行の型番・配合と異なる可能性がある。
Source: 捺染インク 使用ガイダンス（TX23シリーズ） （株式会社ミマキエンジニアリング） ・p.11、5-1-1.「前処理剤の作成」《前処理剤組成》の表 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye is applicable to states that it suits all natural fibres such as cotton, viscose rayon, wool and silk, but will not dye syntheticscontextual
Scope: Dharma's general description of its fiber reactive (Procion MX) dyes
States that fiber reactive dyes are suited to all natural fibres -- cotton, viscose rayon, wool and silk -- but will not dye synthetics.
Limitations: なぜ合成繊維を染めないのか（セルロースの水酸基のような反応部位が無いためかなど）という仕組みの説明は、この頁では確認できなかった。
Source: Fiber Reactive Dye: General Information （Dharma Trading Co.） ・記事本文冒頭「VERSATILE:」の段落 ・manufacturer statement ・ checked against the source by AI
reactive dye bonds via dyeing by covalent bondingcontextual
The paper places fibre-dye bonding for cellulosic-fibre dyes into three modes (citing ref. 1) and states that reactive dyes bond via the most stable, highest-energy of the three (covalent bonding), which gives excellent wet fastness.
Limitations: 学会誌の解説記事（講義欄）で、著者自身の実験ではなく引用文献に基づく整理。引用元原論文までは遡っていない。 結合エネルギーの具体的な数値は示されていない。
Source: 染色技術者のための染料化学（その3）2. 反応染料 （今田邦彦, 2002） ・P119 §2.1 ・textbook ・ checked against the source by AI
Open questions (3)
What makes a reactive-dyed piece come out pale?🧪 testable at home
Factors named in checked sources: low pH (Dharma), slower below 70°F (Dharma), soda ash bulks up with moisture so the same volume does less (Burch), dye mixed with soda ash weakens over time (Dharma). Storage of dye powder and fabric finish or content are unchecked. Which matter, and how much, under home conditions?
How do rinse temperature and number of rinses affect later bleeding?🧪 testable at home
How much unfixed dye remains, and what happens when washed with a white cloth?
What other symptoms appear in the Boken accident-case series (No425-No486) issues not retrieved this round?
From the "past articles" list on src-boken-no487-hydrolysis-bleeding, the URLs for 13 more issues in the same accident-case series were identified — No425 (disperse-dye migration/sublimation), No434 (flocking loss), No440 (foil peeling), No443 (delamination), No449 (fusing defects), No454 (possibly "iro-naki"/bleed, the site's own wording is ambiguous), No458 (sweat/light), No468 (bleaching), No471 (light fastness), No475 (tap water), and No481 (metal-induced discolouration) — but only No483 (rubbing) and No463 (isatin yellowing) were retrieved this round for time reasons. The rest remain for a future pass.